Software testing training toronto,QA training toronto

Software testing  training Toronto 

Q⇒ What is the content for this software testing training Toronto Canada training program?

        For Training content please refer this linkhttp://stepin2it.com/education

Q⇒Who are the target audience for this training course?

       software testing training Toronto course is designed for people who belong in any of the below mentioned categories
       1.Beginners/freshers who want to pursue career in software testing   as manual or  Automation tester.
       2.Manual testers who wish to work in automation testing.
       3.People who have basic knowledge in QTP tool and want to make their working knowledge robust.

Q⇒Are there any prerequisites for this   software testing training Toronto  program.

       This training program has  one and only one prerequisite and that is you should be crazy or have a zeal to learn new tools   for the software testing      and programming languages.
        The main prerequisite components of this automation testing training Toronto is you should know :
         1.VB scripting
         2.SQL

       We Assume that you are very new to the above components of training.We make sure that we teach you from the very  basics of the components .However, you MUST practice to become an expert.

Q⇒ Do You provide software testing  training on all the types of automation framework ?

        Yes, we provide Software testing training for all industry standard automation framework i.e Data driven framework, Keyword driven     framework, Hybrid framework.

Q⇒ As I am new to VB Scripting/Programming will I be able to understand the software testing training  toronto classes ?

        Absolutely.We Assume that you are very new to Programming tools or languages before joining the session.We make     sure that we teach you from the very basics of the components included in our training course.However, you MUST  practice to become an expert. or else we can arrange extra class for the VB Scripting at your cost.

Q⇒ I have manual testing experience in leading organization, How QTP training will help me ?
        We will provide software testing  training on Automation framework so that it would be value add to your current role. You can automate    the projects which you are currently working on or demand Automation projects in your organization so that you can    improve your skill level  to automation tester and grow in your career &  $ rate 

Q⇒ Why manual tester should look for automation course ? 

        There is a real dearth in the market for automation professionals in Canada . People with good understanding in automation testing   frameworks,scripting etc will be head- hunted by IT Companies.

Q⇒ How do we know your  software testing training is good ? Why should I join you when there is so many institutes ?

        ♦ We not only teach you all the concepts. We teach you how to implement all the concepts in an Automation 
           framework which is really important in everdays  work.

        ♦ Different Organization have different techniques of automation framework. After attending  this training you          will feel at     ease to work on any Framework.

        ♦ You will be given a life time access to the Resources which contain Question and answers, help, eBooks,              Tutorials    and many more on Testing, Automation and specifically QTP. so our qtp training at Toronto is best because it is hands on qtp training 

        ♦ During real time project at work or after completion of training, you can access the Students Tab in the Site             where you   can post your doubts under specific chapters .These questions will be answered by us.Also                 you can see the     questions and answers asked by other students.So in short by enrolling in this training           program you can reach out to    us anytime even after your software testing  training is over.

Q⇒ Do you provide training to attend the interviews ?

        While covering each topic we will make sure that  interview question pertaining to each topic of software testing training  are covered. You will be  expertised by the end of the training so  that you can easily clear the interviews of the Top Organization.

Q⇒ Will you provide Lab facilities for us to practice ?

        yes, We are assuming every one has the System at home or can come and practice software testing training at our Toronto office .

Q⇒ Can I see some feedback  on software testing training Toronto  this training course has received from your past trainees?
        Sure. Please go to this link  http://stepin2it.com/contact-us

Q⇒ Will you provide the QTP software and help in installing the software?

        We will provide you step-by-step instructions to download and install the 14 days trial of QTP 10 software.

Q⇒ Do you have an option to take only Basic or only Advanced or only specific topics?

        This software testing  training has a well integrated and navigates through easy to advanced topics seamlessly. This is the primary     reason,it makes your concepts rock  solid and you would be able to grasp and implement lot many features.

Q⇒ Do you teach  software  testing tools other than QTP?

        Yes  We do  cover Many other tools at the moment. QTP is by far the most wanted skill in the Testing world today.   And it requires focus to learn QTP. Also we also provide 25 hr hands on  classes on Load Runner and QC. Selenium Online Training and Onsite software testing Training Toronto Canada from real time experts with latest updates in the technology and Live Projects,Mock Interview sessions,automation testing training in Selenium Training course with job placement assistance.

The real world competition pushes us to innovate new methods and processes towards training improvements. It keeps us focused on delivering only the best knowledgeable student in multiple skills to compete with others to successfully find a job.This program is for IT professionals (Testers, QA Analysts, Sr. QA Analysts) with some years of programming or manual testing experience. It is OPEN to people wanting to upgrade their skill set and marketability.

Program Name: Selenium Tool Skills Upgrade Program
Program Prerequisites: Previous Manual Testing work experience or Previous Java Scripting experience.

Q⇒ Can I ask questions during software testing training  class hours? What if I have  question after completion of training or during      my real time project at work? 

        During  class hours , you can freely ask your questions.

        During real time project at work or after completion of training, you can access the Students Tab in the Site where     you can post your doubts under specific  chapters .These questions will be answered by us.Also you can see the     questions and answers asked by other students.So in short by enrolling in this training program you can reach out  to us anytime even after your software testing training is over.

Q⇒ If I have some questions other than the one provided in FAQ ,Where can I ask those?
        ♦ You can call us on 416-743-63333  displayed in this link http://stepin2it.com/contact-us

        ♦ You can mail us at info@stepin2it.com for your queries regarding training.  or visit :www.stepin2it.com

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QA job Training Toronto

QA Training Institute  stepin2it.com  presents
QA job Training with On-job Support Program
Call us on 416-743-6333   www.stepin2it.com    
• Join our Best QA Training in GTA and Toronto and get placed in the leading organization in Canada .
• Resume building and end to end support in finding work is our specialty.
• Our motto – Get you to the job market faster with ease and simplicity.
Call us on 416-743-6333
In the past year 100 of our  students have found work in Toronto and other major cities across Canada with our professional training and on – job support. Out testimonials speak about our success as a leading QA Training Provider in Toronto  .
• Every student gets On-job support till they can sustain the job.
• We are the best hands on  software testing training in GTA and Toronto. Get the skills to become a Analyst job.
• Our Profession and effective software testing training in Toronto makes us the Number 1 QA Training institute in GTA. Get Trained by the top notch professionals from the QA and Project Management Industry.
• Transform your career and get the most rewarding QA Jobs with our training and On-Job support.
• New weekend batch of   software testing training  Mississauga,Brampton, Scarborough  location on September 14- 2013 from 10.00 am to 2:00 pm.
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WHY STUDENTS CHOOSE OUR TRAINING?
 Certified trainers with many years of IT experience
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 Training certification assistance   ISTQB  Certified Software testing training institute Toronto
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 Tools to install and practice at home
 Instructor provides personal attention to all candidates
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stepin2it.com  was founded with a vision in providing simplified solutions for complex Global Business requirements. Based in toronto,Canada , and its affiliated company in Toronto s, USA we are a Global “Next Generation” Information Technology Consulting, Support and Training Company working to Define, Design and Deliver world class technology enabled business solutions. At stepin2it we provide complete range of solutions and services by leveraging our domain and business expertise and strategic alliances with leading Global technology companies. stepin2it provides world class Offshore Support through our Business Center of Excellence based out of our onshore headquarters located in Toronto, CANADA . Our Knowledge Center of Excellence provides expertise in the areas of IT Staffing   and QA/Software Testing. At stepin2it we have a world class Training team providing Corporate Training to Global companies in the SAS and QA/Software Testing areas. We also provide Customer Project based Training and Placements in Toronto Canada , USA   and the Middle East to Individuals in the areas of it staffing  and QA/Software Testing.
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Advance Quick Test Professional (QTP)

# Who should attend?
This course is suitable for anyone wishing to gain more understanding of QTP tool in software testing.

#Duration: 25 hours

Course Outline

•Introduction to QTP
• Benefits of automation
• QTP testing Process
• Different types of checkpoints
• Parameterization
• Actions
• Object repository and spy
• Synchronizing a Test

• Handling exceptions using recovery scenarios

• Expert view and VB Scripting fundamentals
• VB script concepts
• Working with data tables

• Descriptive programming
• Interaction with files and database
• Functions and sub procedures
• Interacting with Microsoft Excel
• QTP Automation and test automation framework



Contact: STEPIN2IT.COM    100 WESTMORE DR   UNIT 12  ETOBICOKE   Software Solutions, Mississauga
Telephone:,416-743-6333   EMAIL  :info@stepin2it.com

We are in QA Training- Automation Training- QTP, Selenium, QC, Load Runner, Test Director, Unix, Database and Live Project
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QTP automation tool and preparation of QTP interview questions

Quick Test Professional: Interview Questions and answers.
1. What are the features and benefits of Quick Test Pro(QTP)?
1. Key word driven testing
2. Suitable for both client server and web based application
3. VB script as the script language
4. Better error handling mechanism
5. Excellent data driven testing features
2. How to handle the exceptions using recovery scenario manager in QTP?
You can instruct QTP to recover unexpected events or errors that occurred in your testing environment during test run. Recovery scenario manager provides a wizard that guides you through the defining recovery scenario. Recovery scenario has three steps
1. Triggered Events
2. Recovery steps
3. Post Recovery Test-Run
3. What is the use of Text output value in QTP?
Output values enable to view the values that the application talks during run time. When parameterized, the values change for each iteration. Thus by creating output values, we can capture the values that the application takes for each run and output them to the data table.
4. How to use the Object spy in QTP 8.0 version?
There are two ways to Spy the objects in QTP
1) Thru file toolbar: In the File ToolBar click on the last toolbar button (an icon showing a person with hat).
2) Thru Object repository Dialog: In Objectrepository dialog click on the button “object spy…” In the Object spy Dialog click on the button showing hand symbol. The pointer now changes in to a hand symbol and we have to point out the object to spy the state of the object. If at all the object is not visible or window is minimized then hold the Ctrl button and activate the required window to and release the Ctrl button.
5. What is the file extension of the code file and object repository file in QTP?
File extension of
Per test object rep: filename.mtr
Shared Object rep: filename.tsr
Code file extension id: script.mts
6. Explain the concept of object repository and how QTP recognizes objects?
Object Repository: displays a tree of all objects in the current component or in the current action or entire test( depending on the object repository mode you selected).
we can view or modify the test object description of any test object in the repository or to add new objects to the repository.
Quicktest learns the default property values and determines in which test object class it fits. If it is not enough it adds assistive properties, one by one to the description until it has compiled the unique description. If no assistive properties are available, then it adds a special Ordianl identifier such as objects location on the page or in the source code.
7. What are the properties you would use for identifying a browser and page when using descriptive programming?
“name” would be another property apart from “title” that we can use. OR
We can also use the property “micClass”.
ex: Browser(“micClass:=browser”).page(“micClass:=page”)
8. What are the different scripting languages you could use when working with QTP?
You can write scripts using following languages:
Visual Basic (VB), XML, JavaScript, Java, HTML
9. Tell some commonly used Excel VBA functions.
Common functions are:
Coloring the cell, Auto fit cell, setting navigation from link in one cell to other saving
10. Explain the keyword createobject with an example.
Creates and returns a reference to an Automation object
syntax: CreateObject(servername.typename [, location])
Arguments
servername:Required. The name of the application providing the object.
typename : Required. The type or class of the object to create.
location : Optional. The name of the network server where the object is to be created.
11. Explain in brief about the QTP Automation Object Model.
Essentially all configuration and run functionality provided via the QuickTest interface is in some way represented in the QuickTest automation object model via objects, methods, and properties. Although a one-on-one comparison cannot always be made, most dialog boxes in QuickTest have a corresponding automation object, most options in dialog boxes can be set and/or retrieved using the corresponding object property, and most menu commands and other operations have corresponding automation methods. You can use the objects, methods, and properties exposed by the QuickTest automation object model, along with standard programming elements such as loops and conditional statements to design your program.
12. How to handle dynamic objects in QTP?
QTP has a unique feature called Smart Object Identification/recognition. QTP generally identifies an object by matching its test object and run time object properties. QTP may fail to recognize the dynamic objects whose properties change during run time. Hence it has an option of enabling Smart Identification, wherein it can identify the objects even if their properties changes during run time.
Check out this:
If QuickTest is unable to find any object that matches the recorded object description, or if it finds more than one object that fits the description, then QuickTest ignores the recorded description, and uses the Smart Identification mechanism to try to identify the object.
While the Smart Identification mechanism is more complex, it is more flexible, and thus, if configured logically, a Smart Identification definition can probably help QuickTest identify an object, if it is present, even when the recorded description fails.
The Smart Identification mechanism uses two types of properties:
Base filter properties – The most fundamental properties of a particular test object class; those whose values cannot be changed without changing the essence of the original object. For example, if a Web link’s tag was changed from to any other value, you could no longer call it the same object. Optional filter properties – Other properties that can help identify objects of a particular class as they are unlikely to change on a regular basis, but which can be ignored if they are no longer applicable.

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13. What is a Run-Time Data Table? Where can I find and view this table?
In QTP, there is data table used, which is used at runtime.
-In QTP, select the option View->Data table.
-This is basically an excel file, which is stored in the folder of the test created, its name is Default.xls by default.
14. How does Parameterization and Data-Driving relate to each other in QTP?
To data driven we have to parameterize. i.e. we have to make the constant value as parameter, so that in each interaction(cycle) it takes a value that is supplied in run-time data table. Through parameterization only we can drive a transaction (action) with different sets of data. You know running the script with the same set of data several times is not suggested, and it’s also of no use.
15. What is the difference between Call to Action and Copy Action.?
Call to Action: The changes made in Call to Action, will be reflected in the original action (from where the script is called). But where as in Copy Action , the changes made in the script ,will not effect the original script(Action)
16. Explain the concept of how QTP identifies object.
During recording qtp looks at the object and stores it as test object. For each test object QT learns a set of default properties called mandatory properties, and look at the rest of the objects to check whether this properties are enough to uniquely identify the object. During test run, QTP searches for the run time objects that matches with the test object it learned while recording.
17. Differentiate the two Object Repository Types of QTP.
Object repository is used to store all the objects in the application being tested.
Types of object repository: Per action and shared repository.
In shared repository only one centralized repository for all the tests. where as in per action for each test a separate per action repository is created.
18. What the differences are and best practical application of Object Repository?
Per Action: For Each Action, one Object Repository is created.
Shared: One Object Repository is used by entire application
19. Explain what the difference between Shared Repository and Per Action Repository
Shared Repository: Entire application uses one Object Repository , that similar to Global GUI Map file in WinRunner
Per Action: For each Action, one Object Repository is created, like GUI map file per test in WinRunner
20. Have you ever written a compiled module? If yes tell me about some of the functions that you wrote.
Sample answer (You can tell about modules you worked on. If your answer is Yes then You should expect more questions and should be able to explain those modules in later questions): I Used the functions for Capturing the dynamic data during runtime. Function used for Capturing Desktop, browser and pages.
21. Can you do more than just capture and playback?
Sample answer (Say Yes only if you worked on): I have done Dynamically capturing the objects during runtime in which no recording, no playback and no use of repository is done AT ALL.
-It was done by the windows scripting using the DOM(Document Object Model) of the windows.
22. How to do the scripting. Are there any inbuilt functions in QTP? What is the difference between them? How to handle script issues?
Yes, there’s an in-built functionality called “Step Generator” in Insert->Step->Step Generator -F7, which will generate the scripts as you enter the appropriate steps.
23. What is the difference between check point and output value?
An output value is a value captured during the test run and entered in the run-time but to a specified location.
EX:-Location in Data Table[Global sheet / local sheet]
24. How many types of Actions are there in QTP?
There are three kinds of actions:
Non-reusable action – An action that can be called only in the test with which it is stored, and can be called only once.
Reusable action – An action that can be called multiple times by the test with which it is stored (the local test) as well as by other tests.
External action – A reusable action stored with another test. External actions are read-only in the calling test, but you can choose to use a local, editable copy of the Data Table information for the external action.
25. I want to open a Notepad window without recording a test and I do not want to use System utility Run command as well. How do I do this?
You can still make the notepad open without using the record or System utility script, just by mentioning the path of the notepad “( i.e. where the notepad.exe is stored in the system) in the “Windows Applications Tab” of the “Record and Run Settings window.
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•  QTP interview  questions
•  
• QTP is merely a tool that facilitates testing. The ultimate goal of QTP- or any other testing tool for that matter- is efficient and effective testing. So, make sure your testing fundamentals are solid.
• Next undeniably is the knowledge about the QTP tool. Make sure you know all the basic information about the tool.
• QTP predominantly relies on a tester’s programming skills to design, develop and maintain tests. That does not mean knowing all the features of the tool or VB Script are enough. The most important skill the automation tester should have is the ability for logic building. QTP tool and VB Script are simply vehicles that help you reach a solution.
• In the recent days most interviewers are asking questions that either involve writing a script on paper or coding on a QTP installed machine. If you can code on a machine or write the code spontaneously, that’s great! If not, I suggest you to write the solution to the problem given to you in simple English statements. This will give a chance to show case your solution forming ability. Explain that to translate this solution into a program is simply a matter of referring to the help files of the programming language to find the equivalent statements.
• In an interview, when you are writing code, please do not forget to include comments. Showcase good programming practices.
• Before attending a QTP interview, be sure to know the version of the QTP, the add-ins that you use, the versions of all the other software you are using etc.
• If you have not been using QTP recently but have had past experience, it helps to take a couple of hours to re-familiarize with the IDE.

The most common but crucial questions that are asked in the QTP interview. The best part of these questions is that you have time to prepare an answer in advance before even the interview begins.

1. What are the reasons for choosing to automate your project and why did you choose QTP?
2. What is the most challenging testing situation you faced and how did you overcome it?
3. Did QTP prove efficient for your project? Yes or No, explain?
4. How did you achieve reusability via QTP?
5. Did you find anything in your project that QTP proved inefficient to perform?
6. Under what conditions would you recommend QTP for future projects?

We suggest you spend some time with these questions and come up with answers based on your practical experience from using QTP in your respective projects.
Another important question that your interviewer would be interested to know is the statistics. For example:

1. How many scripts did you have?
2. How often were they executed?
3. How many lines of code in each script?
4. Did you use function libraries and/or shared ORs?
5. How long to develop a script?
6. Did the scripts need lot of maintenance? If yes, why?

Again, be sure to be prepared with the answers to these questions.
Last piece of advice, be honest and straightforward. Keep in mind that not all projects are same and not everybody follows the same methods. So we recommend that you have clear understanding of your project and exhibit the potential to learn. Nobody expects you to know everything; they only expect you to know what you do best.
Let’s move on to the technical QTP questions.

QTP Interview Questions and Answered

Top 20 Most Asked QuickTest Professional Interview Questions
1) Different types of QTP test assets and their extensions:

2) Technologies supported by QTP:
Web, Java (Core and Advanced), .Net, WPF, SAP, Oracle, Siebel, PeopleSoft, Delphi, Power Builder, Stingray 1, Terminal Emulator, Flex, Web Services, Windows Mobile, VisualAge Smalltalk, Silverlight and mainframe terminal emulator
3) Does QTP run in any environment?
No, QTP works only in the windows environment.
4) Explain the views in the QTP GUI?
Keyword view: This view is a tabular representation of all the objects and the actions that are performed on them. Every row in the table is a step performed on the AUT and can be modified. Some of the most common columns displayed are: item, operation, value and documentation.
Expert view: As the name indicates, this view is for more technical users who would want to tweak the source code as per their requirements.
5) What is QTP’s model for test creation?
a) Determine testing needs – Define testing environment, Analyse your application and plan actions
b) Set up repositories – Local or Shared OR
c) Define function libraries
d) Generate test steps – Add steps, Add checkpoints
e) Data drive your tests
f) Run the tests
6) What are the different kinds of test steps?
5 types of steps:
- Test Object ( Performs actions on a TO)
- Functions
- Utility (Steps to control run session. Eg: Reporter.report)
- Comment
- Programming logic (Loop, conditions…etc)
7) What are the different ways to invoke an application using QTP?
a) SystemUtil.Run
SystemUtil.Run ( FileName, Parameters, Path, Operation )
Example: SystemUtil.Run(“iexplorer.exe”,http://www.google.com)
SystemUtil.Run(“test.txt”, “”,”C:\”,”1”)
b) InvokeApplication
Example: InvokeApplication “C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\IEXPLORE.EXE http://www.google.com”

c) Creating a shell object using VB Script
Example: Create a “WScript.shell” object.
Dim testshell
Set testshell= CreateObject (“Wscript.shell”)
testshell.run “%windir%\notepad “
8) What are the different recording modes and how do they work?
QTP provides 3 modes of recording:

• Normal Recording mode – The default recording method is always the normal mode. This method uses the model of Test Objects and Runtime objects to learn and act on the AUT.
• Analog recording mode – records the exact mouse and key strokes that the user performs in relation to either the screen or AUT window.  The steps that are recorded using this method cannot be edited.
  The way this usually gets represented in a code is:
  Window/app.RunAnalog “Track1”
  One scenario in which this type of recording can be used is when we are trying
  to capture a signature.
• Low Level recording mode – This mode records the co-ordinates in the application where the operation is performed, irrespective of whether QTP recognizes the specific Object or Operation.

9) Which recording modes need more memory?
Analog and Low-level recording modes
10) Is it possible to switch between recording modes during a test creation?
Yes, in the middle of recording, we can switch to Analog/Low-level mode, finish the task required and go back to normal recording. The switch to Analog mode is available only during recording and not during editing
11) Does Low level recording capture mouse movements?
No. Mouse movements are not captured.
12) How does QTP identify an object?
QTP has a predetermined set of properties that it learns/stores for every class of object it identifies. There are 3 aspects to this:

• Mandatory properties: This is the list of properties for a certain class that QTP always stores. We could say that this is the object description. It also checks this in conjunction with the parent object to see if the description is sufficient to identify the object uniquely.
• Assistive properties: In case the description of mandatory properties is insufficient to identify the Object a set of non-mandatory properties will be added to the description one after the other until there is enough data to identify the object.
• Ordinal Identifier: If the assistive properties also do not result in unique identification of an object a special ordinal identifier is added by QTP, such as the object’s location on the page or in the source code.

13) What is Smart identification?
If the recorded description does not enable QTP to identify a specific object then QTP uses “Smart identification” mechanism.  It uses the following additional properties to identify the object
a) Base Filter Properties (primary) – The set of properties that cannot be changed without changing the object type
b) Optional Filter Properties (secondary) – additional properties that help identify the object uniquely.
14) What is Object Spy?
Object Spy is an extremely helpful tool that QTP has to view the properties and operations of an object in the AUT. It shows all the properties of the object and the corresponding values. It also shows the object hierarchy. It also has a provision that lets the users add a certain object to the OR.
15) What is an object repository?
OR is like a warehouse where all the objects in a test are stored. OR has the list of Objects that QTP learned during the record process and the class to which they belong. It stores the set of properties that uniquely identifies the Object (description) and also names the object for the sake of identification in our test, based on its most prominent feature.
16) What are the two types of repositories available, explain them?
Local and shared repository – these are the two kinds of available repositories.
Every action by default has a local repository of its own and has all the objects that are used within it.
Alternately, the tester can have a common repository for multiple actions so that all of them can share the objects that it contains. The common repository is called a shared OR.
17) An action has both shared and local OR associated to it and both have the same object in them. In the test which one will be considered?
If a local OR and Shared OR have an object with the same name, the action will consider the object in its local OR.
18) Can an action have 2 shared object repositories associated with them? In that case, if two of them contain the same object, which one will be considered?
There can be more than one Shared OR’s associated to the same action. If Shared OR1 and Shared OR2 have one object named OBJ1 each and if the action calls for OBJ1 then the order in which the shared ORs were associated will be considered. That means, if Shared OR1 was first associated then the OBJ1 from Shared OR1 will be taken into account.
19) Can the user toggle between using Local OR and shared OR for the same action?
Yes, it is possible to switch between one or the other types of ORs at any time. To do so, the menu option is Test->Settings->Resources and choosing the options accordingly.
20) Are Shared ORs read only?
By default, shared ORs open as read only. To open them in order to edit them you will have to open them from Object Repository Manager.
“ORM->File->Enable Editing”


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Software Testing Training toronto Interview Answers

1. What is the MAIN benefit of designing tests early in the life cycle? 

Designing tests early in the life cycle can prevent defects from being introduced into the code.

Software Testing Training Toronto  Interview Answers

2. What is risk-based testing?

Risk-based testing is the term used for an approach to creating a test strategy that is based on prioritizing tests by risk. The basis of the approach is a detailed risk analysis and prioritizing of risks by risk level. Tests to address each risk are then specified, starting with the highest risk first.

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3. What is the KEY difference between preventative and reactive approaches to testing?

Preventative tests are designed early whereas reactive tests are designed after the software has been produced

4. What is the purpose of exit criteria? 

An exit criterion defines when a test level is complete.

5. What determines the level of risk? 

The likelihood of an adverse event and the impact of the event determine the level of risk.

6. When is used Decision table testing? 

Decision table testing is used for testing systems for which the specification takes the form of rules or cause-effect combinations. In a decision table the inputs are listed in a column, with the outputs in the same column but below the inputs. The remainder of the table explores combinations of inputs to define the outputs produced.

7. What is beta testing?

Beta testing is testing that is performed by potential customers at their own locations.

8. Which is a benefit of test independence?

It avoids author bias in defining effective tests.

9. What is component testing?

Component testing, also known as unit, module and program testing, searches for defects in, and verifies the functioning of software (e.g. modules, programs, objects, classes, etc.) that are able to be tested separately. Component testing may be done in isolation from the rest of the system depending on the context of the development life cycle and the system.

10. What is functional system testing?

Testing the end to end functionality of the system as a whole.

11. What are the benefits of Independent Testing

Independent testers are unbiased.

12. In a reactive approach to testing when would you expect the bulk of the test design work to be implemented?

After the software or system has been produced.

13. When should configuration management procedures be implemented?

During test planning.

14. What are the white-box testing techniques?

White-box testing techniques use the internal structure of the software to derive test cases. They are commonly called 'glass-box' techniques (implying you can see into the system) since they require knowledge of how the software works.

15. How much testing is enough?

It depends on the risks, contract and special requirements.

16. What is exploratory testing?

Exploratory testing is a hands-on approach in which testers are involved in minimum planning and maximum test execution. The planning involves the creation of a test charter, a short declaration of the scope of a short (1 to 2 hour) time-boxed test effort, the objectives and possible approaches to be used. The test design and test execution activities are performed in parallel typically without formally documenting the test conditions, test cases or test scripts. This does not mean that other, more formal testing techniques will not be used. Some notes will be written during the exploratory-testing session, so that a report can be produced afterwards.

17. What is failure?

Failure is the deviation from expected result to actual result