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Software Testing Training toronto Interview Answers

1. What is the MAIN benefit of designing tests early in the life cycle? 

Designing tests early in the life cycle can prevent defects from being introduced into the code.

Software Testing Training Toronto  Interview Answers

2. What is risk-based testing?

Risk-based testing is the term used for an approach to creating a test strategy that is based on prioritizing tests by risk. The basis of the approach is a detailed risk analysis and prioritizing of risks by risk level. Tests to address each risk are then specified, starting with the highest risk first.

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3. What is the KEY difference between preventative and reactive approaches to testing?

Preventative tests are designed early whereas reactive tests are designed after the software has been produced

4. What is the purpose of exit criteria? 

An exit criterion defines when a test level is complete.

5. What determines the level of risk? 

The likelihood of an adverse event and the impact of the event determine the level of risk.

6. When is used Decision table testing? 

Decision table testing is used for testing systems for which the specification takes the form of rules or cause-effect combinations. In a decision table the inputs are listed in a column, with the outputs in the same column but below the inputs. The remainder of the table explores combinations of inputs to define the outputs produced.

7. What is beta testing?

Beta testing is testing that is performed by potential customers at their own locations.

8. Which is a benefit of test independence?

It avoids author bias in defining effective tests.

9. What is component testing?

Component testing, also known as unit, module and program testing, searches for defects in, and verifies the functioning of software (e.g. modules, programs, objects, classes, etc.) that are able to be tested separately. Component testing may be done in isolation from the rest of the system depending on the context of the development life cycle and the system.

10. What is functional system testing?

Testing the end to end functionality of the system as a whole.

11. What are the benefits of Independent Testing

Independent testers are unbiased.

12. In a reactive approach to testing when would you expect the bulk of the test design work to be implemented?

After the software or system has been produced.

13. When should configuration management procedures be implemented?

During test planning.

14. What are the white-box testing techniques?

White-box testing techniques use the internal structure of the software to derive test cases. They are commonly called 'glass-box' techniques (implying you can see into the system) since they require knowledge of how the software works.

15. How much testing is enough?

It depends on the risks, contract and special requirements.

16. What is exploratory testing?

Exploratory testing is a hands-on approach in which testers are involved in minimum planning and maximum test execution. The planning involves the creation of a test charter, a short declaration of the scope of a short (1 to 2 hour) time-boxed test effort, the objectives and possible approaches to be used. The test design and test execution activities are performed in parallel typically without formally documenting the test conditions, test cases or test scripts. This does not mean that other, more formal testing techniques will not be used. Some notes will be written during the exploratory-testing session, so that a report can be produced afterwards.

17. What is failure?

Failure is the deviation from expected result to actual result

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19. Which test cases are written first: white boxes or black boxes?

Normally black box test cases are written first and white box test cases later. In order to write black box test cases we need the requirement document and, design or project plan. All these documents are easily available at the initial start of the project. White box test cases cannot be started in the initial phase of the project because they need more architecture clarity which is not available at the start of the project. So normally white box test cases are written after black box test cases are written.

Black box test cases do not require system understanding but white box testing needs more structural understanding. And structural understanding is clearer i00n the later part of project, i.e., while executing or designing. For black box testing you need to only analyze from the functional perspective which is easily available from a simple requirement document.

20. Explain Unit Testing, Integration Tests, System Testing and Acceptance Testing?

Unit testing - Testing performed on a single, stand-alone module or unit of code.

Integration Tests - Testing performed on groups of modules to ensure that data and control are passed properly between modules.

System testing - Testing a predetermined combination of tests that, when executed successfully meets requirements.

Acceptance testing - Testing to ensure that the system meets the needs of the organization and the end user or customer (i.e., validates that the right system was built).

21. What is a test log?

The IEEE Std. 829-1998 defines a test log as a chronological record of relevant details about the execution of test cases. It's a detailed view of activity and events given in chronological manner.

The following figure shows a test log and is followed by a sample test log.

22. Can you explain requirement traceability and its importance?

In most organizations testing only starts after the execution/coding phase of the project. But if the organization wants to really benefit from testing, then testers should get involved right from the requirement phase.

If the tester gets involved right from the requirement phase then requirement traceability is one of the important reports that can detail what kind of test coverage the test cases have.

23. What does entry and exit criteria mean in a project?

Entry and exit criteria are a must for the success of any project. If you do not know where to start and where to finish then your goals are not clear. By defining exit and entry criteria you define your boundaries.

For instance, you can define entry criteria that the customer should provide the requirement document or acceptance plan. If this entry criteria is not met then you will not start the project. On the other end, you can also define exit criteria for your project. For instance, one of the common exit criteria in projects is that the customer has successfully executed the acceptance test plan.

24. What is the difference between verification and validation?

Verification is a review without actually executing the process while validation is checking the product with actual execution. For instance, code review and syntax check is verification while actually running the product and checking the results is validation.

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